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            <title xml:lang="en">DEVELOPMENT AND ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF AN AIRCRAFT LONGITUDINAL REFERENCE PROFILE TO COMBINE CONTINUOUS DESCENT OPERATIONS ANDTAILORED ARRIVALS</title>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;AEGATS ‘16, Advanced Aircraft Efficiency in a Global Air Transport System&lt;/i&gt;, AAF, Apr 2016, Paris, France</idno>
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                <term xml:lang="en">reference vertical profile</term>
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              <p>This paper addresses a specific aspect of air traffic control services, namely the achievement of an orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic under time constrained continuous descent approach. The task of establishing properly spaced landing sequences is quite demanding for air traffic controllers, especially under heavy traffic conditions. Indeed, terminal control area (TMA) air traffic controllers have to merge two or more streams into a single stream by means of radar vectoring and speed instructions. This high level task of sequencing aircraft is not currently communicated to the pilot. In this paper, the task of merging an aircraft over a specified meter fix is addressed through a novel clearance in which air traffic control clears an aircraft to track an ad-hoc computed reference trajectory. This enables the aircraft to merge a specified meter fix at a given time. This kind of application may be envisioned as an enhancement of the use of the ground based Arrival MANager (AMAN), which is a tactical controller assistance system enabling the computation of rendez-vous time at meter fix to meet the runway capacity and absorb the traffic. The time computed by the AMAN is envisioned to be used by the air traffic controller to request the aircrew to overfly the meter fix at the desired time. In comparison with current operations, the change is that the controller would communicate decisions on traffic flow organization at a higher level to the pilot rather than requiring the controller to calculate and communicate lower-level guidance instructions. While keeping the controller responsible for making the traffic flow decisions, the envisioned application involves new avionics capabilities for merging operations, including the tracking of height and speed. Thus, air traffic control improvement is achieved through a greater involvement of pilots in cooperation with air traffic controllers. This type of application is clearly in the scope of the 4D trajectory concept promoted by the European programme SESAR and by the US programme NextGen. In this paper a futuristic 4D trajectory application where the air traffic controller will ask an aircraft to overfly a meter fix at a specific time is addressed. The overflying time is assumed to be specified by the air traffic controller to settle properly the arrival sequence and could be given for example through an Arrival Manager (AMAN). In addition, this clearance is assumed to be given after the Top Of Descent (TOD) of the aircraft. This paper focuses on the issue of computing reference airspeed and height profiles for time constrained descent. The proposed approach is illustrated through some examples. </p>
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