Torque Motor Branch and Bound Algorithm Numerical model Lumped model Electromagnetic inverse problem FDTD Global optimization PIV Design Energy harvesting Electroactive morphing Topology Optimization Interval analysis HYBRIDIZATION Magnetic coupling Magnetostatics Inverse Problem Additive manufacturing Shape memory alloys Deterministic global optimization Shear layer Paschen Optimization Electrical machine Dynamic lumped model Shape-memory Alloys Magnetic field Nonlinear modeling Piezoelectric transformer Force sensor Actionneurs Dimensionnement Magnetic Flux Leakage Modèles analytiques Boundary integral equations PROBLEM OF SOMMERFELD Analytical model Electric Motors Optimal control Modélisation Magnetic scalar potential Electromechanical actuator Heat transfer enhancement Electrical machines Optimal design Topology optimization Analytical modeling Piezoelectric actuators Design optimization methodology Hysteresis Modèles numériques Lorentz force law Moteur électrique Décharges partielles Permanent Magnet Interval arithmetic Aerodynamics Finite element method Finite elements Control Shooting method Bistability Inverse problem Optimization algorithms Actuators Modeling Electric motor Adjoint Method Morphing Smart materials Iron losses PDE-constrained optimization Electromechanical impedance Numerical simulation Conception Piézoélectricité Axial flux machines Accouplement magnétique Hysterons Bistable Post-buckled beams Piezoelectricity Minor loops Relaxation method Electromagnetism GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION Play model Simulation Piezoelectric energy harvester Partial discharges Maxwell equations Exact global optimization SIMP Branch&Bound Turbulence Sensitivity Analysis Eddy currents Optimisation Rosen type transformer Ironless